我国大学生创业能力提升路径探析
尹苗苗，张笑妍
(吉林大学管理学院，吉林 长春)
摘要：在“大众创业、万众创新”背景下，如何培育并提升大学生创业能力尤为重要。本研究基于认知理论和能力理论，从创业学习视角探究大学生创业能力培育及提升的路径。通过对215份有效样本进行回归分析，结果显示创业政策和亲友态度不能直接提升大学生创业能力，而需要通过创业学习这一中介机制，间接影响创业能力。创业教育不仅可以直接提升大学生的创业能力，还可以通过影响大学生进行创业学习进而提升创业能力。创业者特质可以直接提升大学生创业能力，但是对创业学习的影响作用不显著。文章最后讨论了理论贡献、管理实践及未来研究展望。
关键词：大学生；创业能力；创业学习；提升路径
主要研究结论：本研究通过对215位大学生样本进行实证检验，得出以下有意义的结论。
第一，研究发现创业政策并不能直接提升大学生创业能力，而是通过提升大学生的创业学习动力和热情，间接影响创业能力的产生及提升，这表明创业政策的颁布并不会起到立竿见影的作用，而需要大学生经过一段时间的创业学习才能显现出来。
第二，创业教育不仅可以直接提升大学生的创业能力，还可以通过影响大学生进行创业学习间接提升创业能力，因而创业教育对于提升大学生创业能力而言非常重要。
第三，创业者特质可以直接提升大学生创业能力，但是对创业学习的影响作用不显著，这是因为创业者特质本身也是一种创业能力，因而具备创业者特质的大学生不需要借助外力产生创业能力。
第四，亲友态度并不能直接提升大学生创业能力，需通过影响大学生进行创业学习来提升创业能力，这表明亲友态度往往是通过信息和经验的传递来提升大学生创业能力的，创业学习在亲友态度与大学生创业能力之间具有完全中介作用。
总体来看，大学生创业能力的产生及提升过程需要依赖创业学习来完成，尽管创业者特质可以直接提升大学生的创业能力，但是大学生创业特质也会影响其进行创业学习进而提升创业能力，由此可见，大学生进行创业学习是提升其创业能力的关键路径。
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Yin , Zhang
( of , Jilin , , Jilin, China）
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引用本文：尹苗苗,张笑妍.我国大学生创业能力提升路径探析[J].科研管理,2019,40(10):142-150.
